People are living longer with more healthy years than before. As a result of low birth rates, the proportion of people over the age of 65 is increasing, and young people are in the minority. Society must be renewed to fit longer life courses: this applies to education, working life, and care alike. The dependency ratio is weakening as the proportion of working-age people decreases, which challenges the financing of the welfare society. The need for work-based immigration is growing.