The energy sector is undergoing a transformation as technological innovations respond to the challenges of climate change and rising demand. The share of solar and wind power in electricity grids continues to grow. Artificial intelligence and smart converters optimise electricity grid operations, forecast consumption and manage energy sources. Decentralised energy systems and community-owned energy solutions are becoming more common. Innovations can lower the cost of carbon capture and influence the demand for critical minerals needed in batteries and in solar and wind power plants.